Shelf habitat distribution as a legacy of Late Quaternary marine transgressions: A case study from a tropical carbonate province     

Scott L. Nichol  Brendan P. Brooke 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(17):1845-1857

The legacy of multiple marine transgressions is preserved in a complex morphology of ridges, mounds and reefs on the Carnarvon continental shelf, Western Australia. High-resolution multibeam sonar mapping, underwater photography and sampling across a 280 km² area seaward of the Ningaloo Coast World Heritage Area shows that these raised features provide hardground habitat for modern coral and sponge communities. Prominent among these features is a 20 m high and 15 km long shore-parallel ridge at 60 m water depth. This ridge preserves the largely unaltered form of a fringing reef and is interpreted as the predecessor to modern Ningaloo Reef. Landward of the drowned reef, the inner shelf is covered by hundreds of mounds (bommies) up to 5 m high and linear ridges up to 1.5 km long and 16 m high. The ridges are uniformly oriented to the north-northeast and several converge at their landward limit. On the basis of their shape and alignment, these ridges are interpreted as relict long-walled parabolic dunes. Their preservation is attributed to cementation of calcareous sands to form aeolianite, prior to the post-glacial marine transgression. Some dune ridges abut areas of reef that rise to sea level and are highly irregular in outline but maintain a broad shore-parallel trend. These are tentatively interpreted as Last Interglacial in age. The mid-shelf and outer shelf are mostly sediment covered with relatively low densities of epibenthic biota and have patches of low-profile ridges that may also be relict reef shorelines. An evolutionary model for the Carnarvon shelf is proposed that relates the formation of drowned fringing reefs and aeolian dunes to Late Quaternary eustatic sea level.  相似文献   

综合测量船电磁兼容技术研究          下载免费PDF全文

赵先龙  张雅争 《海洋测绘》2011,31(4):50-52

电子、电气设备的广泛应用,使得测量船的电磁环境越来越复杂,尤其是安装了多种声学设备的综合调查船,在设计建造的开始就必须引入电磁兼容以求得最高效能比.以某综合调查船为背景,分析了主要干扰源、耦合路径,提出了相应的处理措施.  相似文献   

多波束测深系统及其比测试验     

宋志宏  周刚炎  周凤珍 《水文》2002,22(2):40-43

多波束测深系统可同时采集多个测点水深,以条带方式对水下地形进行全覆盖测量,由后处理软件(CARIS软件)制作各种比例尺的水下地形图,特别是大比例尺1∶500、1∶1000,可方便地进行新老测图对比,计算冲淤量。整个系统从野外数据采集到室内成图全过程真正实现了自动化和数字化。由于多波束测深系统具有实时监测功能,可以现场监视水下地物地貌的细微变化,因而在堤防安全、溃口、崩岸监测及水下物体摸探打捞等方面具有重要作用。  相似文献   

Flow processes and sediment deformation in the Canary Debris Flow on the NW African Continental Rise     

D. G. Masson  B. Van Niel  P. P. E. Weaver 《Sedimentary Geology》1997,110(3-4):163-179

The Canary Debris Flow formed an extensive deposit on the NW African Continental Margin west of the Canary Islands. Sidescan sonar images and 3.5-kHz profiles show that the middle part of the debris flow deposit consists of complex channel systems separated by banks and ridges of debris. Channels are typically up to 10 km wide and 10 to 20 m deep, and have little or no debris fill. They appear to feed a more laterally continuous debris flow sheet which is seen further downslope. Interchannel banks and ridges are composed of 5 to 20 m thick debris deposits. This morphology is remarkably similar to that seen in subaerial debris flows, and we therefore infer that the observed submarine debris flow morphology is a primary flow fabric, rather than the result of the debris flow interacting with or exploiting pre-existing channels. High-resolution Sidescan sonar images show that the debris flow surface is covered by sediment blocks up to 300 m in diameter. A single core collected from the flow shows that most of the 4.6-m flow thickness at the core site is composed of a single clast. The clast has been folded, with its upper part consisting of an inverted minor image of the lower part. The same sequence occurs again, in situ, beneath the debris flow, suggesting that the clast may have a local source, rather than having been derived from the debris flow source area, some 200 km upslope. This indicates that the debris flow was capable of substantial seabed erosion in the middle part of its course. In these middle reaches, erosion within the channelled areas probably occurred simultaneously with deposition in the interchannel areas. Interchannel deposits may contain both locally derived and original source area material.  相似文献   

Volcanoes of the southwestern extension of the active Mariana island arc: New swath-mapping and geochemical studies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. FRYER    H. SUJIMOTO    M. SEKINE    L. E. JOHNSON    J. KASAHARA    H. MASUDA    T. GAMO    T. ISHII    M. ARIYOSHI  & K. FUJIOKA 《Island Arc》1998,7(3):596-607

Until recently it was thought that the volcanoes of the Mariana island arc of the western Pacific terminated at Tracey Seamount at ∼ 14°N immediately west of Guam. Sea floor mapping in 1995 shows a series of large volcanic seamounts stretching westward for nearly 300 km beyond that point. The morphology, spacing, and composition of those sampled are consistent with their having formed as a consequence of eruption of suprasubduction zone arc magmas. The relationships of the volcanoes to the tectonic processes of subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the southern portion of the Mariana convergent plate margin are becoming increasingly clear as new bathymetry and geochemical data are amassed. The volcanoes along this trend that lie closest to Guam are forming where the center of active extension in the back-arc basin intersects the line of arc volcanoes. They develop well-defined rifts that are parallel to rift structures along the extension center, whereas volcanoes of the spreading axis to the north are smaller than the frontal arc volcanoes and tend to form along lineaments. Compositions of lavas from these intersection volcanoes bear some similarities to back-arc basin basalt, but are on the whole well within the range of compositions for Mariana island arc lavas. The Pacific plate subducts nearly orthogonal to the strike of the trench along the southern part of the Mariana system and the distance to the arc line from the trench axis is only ∼ 150 km. Several deep fault-controlled canyons on the inner slope of the southern Mariana trench indicate an enhanced tectonic extension of this plate margin. The presence of these active arc volcanoes and the existence of the orthogonal normal faulting along the southern Mariana forearc supports a model of radial extension for formation of the Mariana Trough, a model previously dismissed because of the lack of evidence of these two major geological features.  相似文献   

侧扫声呐系统在荣成海流能电站示范工程中的应用     

常增亮  高兴国  李新卫 《山东地质》2011,(12):25-27

介绍了侧扫声呐系统在荣成海流能电站示范工程中的应用,对侧扫声呐系统的工作原理、图谱的特点及影响图谱影像质量的因素进行了分析,基于海流能示范工程扫测图谱影像进行了数据处理与特征提取,并将地貌分类成果应用到设计施工中取得了较好的效果;对工程应用中遇到的问题进行了总结。  相似文献   

多波束成像声纳系统低功耗设计     

崔海英  董琎琎  夏伟杰  窦法旺  蒋鹏飞  金雪 《海洋测绘》2015,35(3):71-74

针对多波束成像声纳系统降低系统功耗提高续航能力的要求,从硬件和算法两个方面展开了对系统的低功耗设计。硬件方面通过采用单电源运算放大器(OPA)电路架构对系统调理模块的放大、滤波链路进行了重新设计,实际测试结果表明实现了14.37W的系统功耗降低。算法方面通过提出一种基于圆阵的旋转多波束形成方法,在完成系统多波束设计的基础上实现了85倍的资源优化效果,为信号处理模块的FPGA芯片低功耗选型提供了技术支撑。  相似文献   

Fast Double Selectivity Index-CFAR Detection Method for the Multi-Beam Echo Sounder     

《Marine Geodesy》2012,35(1):44-62

Abstract

Seafloor terrain and water column target detection is of great significance in marine surveys. However, the complex clutter environment can dramatically affect the detection performance of a multi-beam echo sounder. To simultaneously and robustly detect the seafloor terrains and water column targets, this paper proposes a fast two-dimensional double selectivity index-constant false alarm rate (DSI-CFAR) detection method. A two-dimensional cross sliding window, which includes reference cells and guard cells, is used in this paper. The proposed method improves the detection performance by using the appropriate clutter power level estimation strategies in different directions. An exponential model is accurately built by fitting various distributions, so the DSI-CFAR detection performance is greatly ameliorated. To reduce the computational load of the method, this paper uses a fast algorithm based on the global threshold. The region of interest (ROI) is selected by the preset global threshold, and the DSI-CFAR detector is only performed in the region of interest, which significantly reduces the number of pixels that must be calculated. In this paper, the measured results of different sliding windows and CFAR detection methods validate the basic performance of the proposed method.  相似文献   

一种功率谱相关的基元域近场强干扰抑制方法     

周红进  穆跃东  王秀森 《海洋测绘》2012,(4):33-37

针对影响拖曳线列阵声纳系统目标检测性能的两种典型近场强干扰源,由宽带近场阵列模型,提出了基于功率谱相关的干扰抵消方法,通过比较基元域频域信号与干扰波束信号功率谱之间的相似关系,找到与每路基元信号相匹配的干扰分量信号,最后通过频域块自适应滤波算法实现每路基元域信号中的干扰抵消。宽带仿真结果与海试表明,这种方法在强干噪比和低信噪比条件下,比最小方差无失真响应和传统基元域干扰抵消方法在阵增益方面提高约10dB。相比传统基元域干扰抵消方法,这种方法能够实现抵消拖船干扰的同时抵消邻近目标强干扰。  相似文献   

Post-glacial sediment dynamics in the Irish Sea and sediment wave morphology: Data–model comparisons     

Katrien J.J. Van Landeghem  Katsuto Uehara  Andrew J. Wheeler  Neil C. Mitchell  James D. Scourse   《Continental Shelf Research》2009,29(14):1723-1736

The irregular seafloor of the narrow Irish Sea on the NW European Shelf has been documented over several decades. From recently collected swath bathymetry data, very large trochoidal, nearly symmetrical sediment waves are observed in many parts of the Irish Sea and appear similar to those described from other continental shelf seas in North America that were covered by glacigenic sediments during the Last Glacial Maximum. Swath multibeam and single beam bathymetry data, backscatter intensity, shallow seismic imagery, video footage and sediment cores from the Irish Sea high sediment waves have been integrated to identify their genesis with reference to present and past hydrodynamic variability. From cross-sectional profiles over asymmetrical sediment waves in the Irish Sea the direction of asymmetry is used to map residual bed stress directions and associated bedload transport paths. Irish Sea peak bed stress vectors were generated using a two-dimensional palaeo-tidal model for the NW European shelf seas and compare well with the observations. Tidally induced bed stresses are modelled to have increased between 7–10 ka BP, to be nearly symmetrical in magnitude and to have reversed in dominant direction on a millennial scale. These environmental conditions during the post-glacial marine transgression are suggested here to help comprehend the construction of the very large sediment waves, with local variations due to differences in sediment grain size, sediment supply, water depth and intensified currents due to seafloor slopes. Model parameterisation using an open ocean boundary with time-dependent tidal changes and the implementation of high-resolution bathymetric information will improve future models of small-scale bed shear stress patterns and improve the predictive value of such modelling efforts.  相似文献